Hemp oil: A controversial ingredient?

A useful oil

Hemp oil is extracted from seeds and typically has a 3:1 omega 6 to 3 ratio and good levels of linolenic acid (as per AAFCO standards). The oil content is concentrated. This is useful in pet products because extra oil can compromise the final form: kibble, for example, becomes too crumbly with high oil content.

However, due to concerns about THC levels and cannabis legislation, its use is banned in many countries. For example, the FDA does not allow the use of hemp oil in pet nutritional products, due to the potential presence of THC or CBD.

What is feed grade hemp?

Feed grade, or agricultural, hemp oil contains very low or negligible levels (maximum limit 10 mg/kg hemp seed in EU) of THC, which is the compound that causes the ‘high’ for cannabis users. However, analysis of THC is not exact, and some regulatory authorities require confirmed zero analysis levels, whereas, currently, only ‘below detectable level’ is possible.

Benefits reported for CBD use in animals include assistance to prevent pain and inflammation, epilepsy, anxiety disorders, nausea, emesis and anorexia. Levels of CBD, which is associated with the anti-inflammatory and pain control claims, are subject to ‘novel ingredient’ legislation regarding efficacy and safety in Europe. Currently, no CBD-containing products are allowed in the US and other regions in Asia and Oceania.

Use in pet food and treats

There is great interest in using hemp oil in pet products, as it is good for providing specific oils needed to ensure the health and well-being of animals. In addition, CBD oil is a focus for its benefits in terms of pain, inflammation and disease control. However, THC inclusion is not desirable, as in research this has been associated with cardiac and breathing problems in pets.

Currently, in Europe, varieties of hemp plants with seeds containing less than 0.2% THC are allowed to be used. However, in other countries and states, no hemp oil can be used. Using CBD oil for medicinal purposes typically requires full veterinary registration in Europe, but is still not allowed in some regions. This is usually related to the legal status of THC and CBD in individual countries, so care is needed before use.