Alternative proteins: are we there yet?

Getting sustainable

The development of novel ingredients and alternative protein sources can have an impact on improving the nutritional sustainability of the sector. Alternative protein sources include the use of by-products of the human food sector or the development of new protein sources from plants, lower-order animals, or single-cell organisms, such as insects, fungi, and algae.

Insects and algae

Preliminary results from research suggest that insects and some marine algal species may be practical alternatives to traditional protein and supplemental taurine sources. However, the authors of this same research conclude that some species of brown algae have been shown to contain anti-nutrients that have anti-pepsin activity in vitro and could compromise overall protein digestibility. Therefore, more research is needed before incorporating various species of algae into animal diets.

As for insects, interest in society has already resulted in the development of a number of insect-containing pet food products and the research is showing promising results. The apparent nitrogen digestibility values for insect-based diets were in the range of those for pet food containing conventional protein sources. However, the inclusion of insect ingredients can influence the acceptance and palatability of the food when it comes to pets.

Environmental impact

The comparative advantage of insect ingredients in terms of environmental impact is not always clear either. Insect proteins have a lower environmental impact than conventional meat proteins, but this should be assessed with caution in the context of pet foods that are largely based on animal by-products and are not in competition with the human food sector.

Keep improving

To advance the inclusion of alternative ingredients like insects, algae and other aquaculture by-product will take more work on various fronts. Ongoing developments in technologies, breeding, and nutrition can further increase production and reduce the cost as well as the environmental impact. But it will also be essential to understand pet owners’ views and values regarding insect rearing where the residual organic sources are used and to provide assurance that insects are safe and high-quality ingredients.

More, long-term studies are still needed to evaluate the adequacy, safety but also beneficial aspects of alternative proteins before incorporation into canine and feline diets.